Process for the manufacture of soluble copolymers which contain hydroxyl groups and which copolymers can be crosslinked with organic polyisocyanates

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of soluble copolymers, which contain hydroxyl groups, can be crosslinked with organic polyisocyanates and are based on mixtures of styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, by heating in inert organic solvents in the presence of polymerization initiators and optionally chain stoppers, simultaneous esterification and polymerization taking place.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 760,360, filed Jan. 9, 1977, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,163,836, patented Aug. 7, 1979.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of soluble organic copolymers, which give non-tacky, water-resistant and elastic films on very diverse substrates or are suitable as binders for pigments, paints and non-wovens, and for the use of these copolymers as a binder component, the sheet-like structures, which can be manufactured from these polymers, having, however, properties which are considerably improved in various respects. In this connection, a lacquer, which contains the new soluble organic copolymers in combination with organic polyisocyanates and is applied to a metallic substrate, should cure, after drying in air for three to four days at temperatures of about 20° C., in such a way that the film no longer swells under the action of water and also cannot be removed mechanically by scraping, even if the film is briefly exposed to water at temperatures of 50°-70° C.

Furthermore, the binders should exhibit a good pigment-binding capacity and should also possess good resistance to weathering. These binders are employed mainly as automotive lacquers for final lacquering or as car touch-up lacquers.

2. Prior Art

Numerous proposals have been disclosed for the manufacture of lacquers which are resistant to solvents and alkali by the reaction of polyisocyanates with copolymers containing hydroxyl groups and for the processing of these lacquers to coatings. In German Auslegeschrift No. 1,247,006 a process is described for the manufacture, by the polyisocyanate poly-addition process, of alkali-resistant sheet-like structures, which are obtained from copolymers containing hydroxyl groups and polyisocyanates, but these sheet-like structures are not adequately water-resistant after a reaction time of three to four days at 20° C. These coatings obtained by this known process are therefore not suitable as lacquers for exterior lacquer coatings which are resistant to weathering, since blisters form after an extremely short time and the adhesion of the lacquer to the various metal substrates decreases and, as a result, the lacquer lifts off from the substrate.

It is also known that polyhydroxy compounds of polyols and polyisocyanates can be cured in order to obtain cross-linked lacquer coatings which have good resistance properties. These combinations also have too low a resistance to water and the resistance to weathering of the cured lacquer layers is relatively low.

In French Pat. No. 1,556,309 a coating agent is described which contains solvents and, as film-forming constituents,

A. a copolymer consisting of

(1) 2-50 parts by weight of an addition product, in the ratio of 1:1, of a carboxyl group of an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated acid and an epoxide group of a glycidyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid which has tertiary C atoms and in which the aliphatic tertiary group contains 4-26 C atoms, and

(2) 98-50 parts by weight of unsaturated copolymerisable monomers, the total amount of (1) and (2) adding up to 100 parts by weight, and

B. at least one polyisocyanate which contains at least 2 isocyanate groups in the molecule, the amount of polyisocyanate contained in the coating agent being, relative to the copolymer, 0.2-5 equivalents, based on the hydroxyl groups of the copolymer.

As the examples in Table 1 on page 5 of this French Patent Specification show, the copolymers described in this specification have a hydroxyl group content of 0.8 to 3.18%, based on the copolymer.

The known coating agents do indeed give films which have a hard, solvent-resistant and water-resistant surface. However, a decisive defect is the inadquate gloss, the extensive dulling after weathering and a very short processing time for the two-component lacquers due to too rapid gelling.

The solution of the copolymer itself gives very high viscosities, so that lacquers are obtained which have a very high solvent content and only a low solids content.

In French Patent No. 1,390,572 a process for the manufacture of copolymers is described in which an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, or one of its derivatives, is copolymerised, in a solvent, with one or more other vinyl monomers in the presence of a catalyst and, at the same time or subsequently, the reaction product is reacted with a glycidy ester of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is an aliphatic or aromatic radical which can also be substituted and which either is saturated or contains one or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds.

As the examples of this French Pat. No. 1,390,572 show, the copolymers contain several acrylates or mixtures of acrylates and methacrylates or several methacrylates in addition to styrene.

Moreover, it is mentioned in the resumee of this French Patent Specification, under letter D, that the copolymers described in the specification can be used for coating agents, which have been obtained by mixing the copolymer with an isocyanate prepolymer or a polyisocyanate. The coating agents of the type described in this specification also exhibit a relatively high elasticity after curing and therefore can still be attacked by solvents.

Copolymers which contain hydroxyl groups, are synthesised from monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and have an acid number of up to 40 and contain at least 5 per cent by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid units having active hydrogen atoms and which possess a structure consisting of the selected groupings, which comprise ##STR2## and ##STR3## wherein R is a tertiary aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having the structure ##STR4## wherein R₁ represents --CH₃ and R₂ and R₃ represent alkyl groups with 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and in which, according to claim 6, the monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are styrene and acrylic acid and the polymer has an acid number of 5 to 40, have already been described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,330,814.

These known copolymers can be used on their own as baking coating agents (loc. cit., column 1, lines 56-61). A combination of these copolymers with aminoplast resins (loc. cit., column 3, lines 52-62) and with phenol-formaldehyde resins (loc. cit., column 3, lines 63-66) is also mentioned and, in addition, epoxy polyethers (loc. cit., column 3, lines 67-75) can also be used. These coating agents are baked for 30 to 120 minutes at 121° to 205° C. However, the use of these copolymers together with polyisocyanates is not considered. U.S. Pat. No. 3,330,814 corresponds to British Pat. No. 1,009,217.

Copolymers of styrene, α,β-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acids and glycidyl esters of α-ethylalkanemonocarboxylic acids are described in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,065,770.

The binder combinations of copolymers containing hydroxyl groups and polyisocyanates give very good water-resistant films; which are resistant even towards detergent solution, and, in addition, have an adequate processing time. However, these combinations have the defect that, in the case of pigmented lacquers containing titanium dioxide or pigment carbon black, the resistance to weathering is not adequate for automotive lacquering. The surface hardness and resistance to solvents of the films are also inadequate. The hydroxyl group content of these known copolymers is given as 1.5 to 2.8%.

Summary

The object of the invention has been achieved by copolymerising a narrow selected range of amounts of the monomers using special manufacturing methods.

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of soluble copolymers, which contain hydroxyl groups, can be crosslinked with organic polyisocyanates and are based on mixtures of styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or, α,α-dialkylalkanemonopcarboxylic acids, by heating in inert organic solvents in the presence of polymerisation initiators and optionally chain stoppers, simultaneous esterification and polymerisation taking place, characterised in that a mixture which consists of

(a) 26-28% by weight of styrene,

(b) 20-22% by weight of methyl methacrylate,

(c) 18-20% by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate,

(d) 7.5-8.5% by weight of acrylic acid and

(e) 25.0-27.0% by weight of glycidyl esters, of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, having the empirical formula C₁₃ H₂₄ O₃ and in which the amounts of the compounds a to e must add up to 100% by weight, is reacted and the components c, d and e are employed in amounts such that the reaction product has a content of hydroxyl groups of 4.0 to 5.0, preferably 4.1 to 4.5% by weight, based on the weight of the starting monomers, and the components d and e are employed in a molar ratio of d:e of 1.01 up to 1.1 to 1.0 and the reaction batch is reacted until the reaction product has acid numbers of between 6 and 12.

A preferred embodiment of the process consists in using xylene, monoglycol ether-acetates or mixtures of xylene and monoglycol ether-acetates as the organic solvent and in this case 0.8 to 1.5% by weight of di-tert.-butyl peroxide are employed as the polymerisation initiator and 1 to 2% by weight of dodecylmercaptan are employed as the chain stopper, the percentage data, by weight, for the polymerisation initiator and the chain stopper being based on the sum of the weights of the monomers a to e which are employed and are to be reacted.

The most preferred embodiment of the invention is characterised in that the solvent, that is to say xylene or a mixture of xylene and ethylglycol acetate, and the glycidyl ester are heated to 130° to 145° C., a further mixture of the monomers (a) to (d), di-tert.-butyl peroxide and dodecylmercaptan is added at a uniform rate in the course of 3 to 6 hours and the mixture is polymerised, and condensed, at a constant temperature for a further 3-6 hours.

Suitable solvents for the manufacture of the new copolymers are those which do not contain any active hydrogen atoms, such as xylene, monoglycol ether-acetates or mixtures of a monoglycol ether-acetate and xylene, examples of monoglycol acetates which may be mentioned being methylglycol acetate, ethylglycol acetate, isopropylglycol acetate or n-butylglycol acetate.

Glycidyl esters of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids of the following empirical formula C₁₃ H₂₄ O₃ are used on their own or as a mixture as component (e). Since the glycidyl radical in the glycidyl ester of the α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids has an empirical formula of C₃ H₅ O, the α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids are mixtures of isomers of those monocarboxylic acids which contain a C₁₀ chain. The manufacturing processes for the manufacture of the above-mentioned α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids are based on the pioneer work of Dr. H. Koch of the Max-Planck Institute for Coal Research in Muhlheim, Federal Republic of Germany.

The acids are completely saturated and are very highly substituted on the carbon atom in the α-position. (Deutsche Farben Zeitschrift, number 10, 16, page 435).

The new copolymers are manufactured by polymerisation in a solvent, the glycidyl ester being dissolved in the solvent and the monomers (a) and (d), with the initiators and chain stoppers, being added at elevated temperature--about 130° to 145° C.--and the mixture being condensed and polymerised at the same time. Di-tert.-butyl peroxide is employed as the initiator. The desired copolymers are obtained when tertiary dodecylmercaptan is additionally used.

The new copolymers are manufactured with a solids content of 61 to 70% by weight.

The viscosities of solutions having a resin concentration of 50%, which are obtained by dilution with xylene or with ethylglycol acetate, give a flow time of 100 to 200 seconds, measured at 23° C. in a DIN cup with a 4 mm outlet orifice.

The new copolymers have a hydroxyl group content of 4.0 to 5%, preferably 4.1 to 4.5%. The hydroxyl group content is based on the solids content in the copolymer.

After removing the solvent, the resulting copolymers, manufactured according to the invention, have a melting range of 60° to 80° C., preferably 65° to 75° C. For each copolymer which is manufactured in a reaction batch according to the invention, the start and the end of the melting point range are separated by a maximum of 3° C. This characteristic is especially important with regard to the high pigment-binding capacity and the good resistance to weathering of the binder combinations manufactured therefrom. If the melting points of the copolymers are below 60° C., the films dry too slowly on crosslinking with polyisocyanates. Moreover, too much dust gets into the material and the surfaces of the films are not sufficiently resistant to scraping for use in automatic washing machines. If the copolymers have melting points which are above 80° C., the pigment-binding capacity, the gloss retention on weathering and the elasticity are too low.

For special purposes, copolymers according to the invention which have different melting point ranges within the indicated values can be manufactured and mixed. In copolymer mixtures of this type the start and end of the melting point range are separated by a larger value (more than 3° C.) and such mixtures are also suitable for the present invention.

The reaction for the manufacture of the new copolymers is carried out in such a way that the carboxyl groups of components (d) so react with the glycidyl groups of the α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids of components (e) that a free hydroxyl group results during the formation of the ester, which group is necessary for subsequent use of the copolymers, for example for crosslinking with the organic polyisocyanates. The reaction between the carboxyl group and the glycidyl group is effected by employing 1.01 to 1.1 carboxyl groups per glycidyl group. The copolymers manufactured in this way give acid numbers of between 6 and 12.

The hydroxyl group content of the copolymers is 4 to 5, preferably 4.1 to 4.5% by weight.

The content of hydroxyl groups in the copolymers is calculated in accordance with the following equation: ##EQU1##

For example, the molecular weight of the reaction product obtained from 1 mol of acrylic acid, which corresponds to 72 g of acrylic acid, and 1 mol of the glycidyl ester, of α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, which has the empirical formula C₁₃ H₂₄ O₃ and an average epoxide equivalent of 245, which corresponds to 245 g of the glycidyl ester, is 317.

Under the conditions of an equivalent conversion, for example, there are 7.61% by weight of acrylic acid for 25.9% by weight of the abovementioned glycidyl ester, which corresponds to 33.51% by weight of the compound containing hydroxyl groups.

The abovementioned equation can then be expressed in figures as follows: ##EQU2##

The other compound containing hydroxyl groups, that is to say hydroxyethyl methacrylate, has a molecular weight of 130. For 18.8% by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, the following OH percentages are obtained according to the equation, expressed in figures as follows: ##EQU3##

The sum of the two compounds containing hydroxyl groups, that is to say the reaction product obtained from the glycidyl ester and acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, gives a hydroxyl group content of 4.24% of OH.

Whilst meeting the condition that components, a, b and e are employed in amounts such that the copolymers have a hydroxyl group content of 4.0 to 5.0% by weight, and preferably 4.1 to 4.5% by weight, the amounts of components d and e should be so adjusted relative to component c that the desired hydroxyl group content is achieved.

This means that when relatively small percentages by weight of components d and e are employed, relatively high percentages by weight of component c must be selected in order to manufacture the copolymers according to the invention. When relatively large percentages by weight of components d are e are employed, relatively low percentages by weight of component c must be selected in order to carry out the process according to the invention.

These new copolymers can be used as component A, together with a polyisocyanate component B, in reactive lacquers.

The following compounds are examples of polyisocyanates which can be employed as component B: toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate, toluylene-2,6-diisocyanate, cyclohexylene-1,4-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, naphthylene-1,5-diisocyanate, 4,4', 4,2-triphenylmethane-triisocyanate, 1-(isocyanatophenyl)-ethyl isocyanate or xylylene-diisocyanates, diisocyanates substituted by fluorine, ethylene glycol diphenyl ether-2,2'-diisocyanate, diethylene glycol diphenyl ether-2,2'-diisocyanate, 1,1'-dinaphthyl-2,2'-diisocyanate, biphenyl 2,4'-diisocyanate, biphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate, benzophenone-3,3'-diisocyanate, fluorene-2,7-diisocyanate, anthraquinone-2,6-diisocyanate, pyrene-3,8-diisocyanate, chrysene-2,8-diisocyanate, 1-methylbenzene-2,4,6-triisocyanate, naphthalene-1,3,7-triisocyanate, biphenylmethane-2,4,4'-triisocyanate, triphenylmethane-4,4',4"-triisocyanate, 3'-methoxyhexane-diisocyanate, octane-ω,ω-diisocyanato-1,4-diethylbenzene, ω,ω-diisocyanato-1,4-dimethylnaphthalene, cyclohexane-1,2-diisocyanate, 1-isopropylbenzene-2,4-diisocyanate, 1-chlorobenzene-2,4-diisocyanate, 1-fluorobenzene-2,4-diisocyanate, 1-nitrobenzene-2,4-diisocyanate, 1-chloro-4-methoxybenzene-2,5-diisocyanate, azobenzene-4,4'-diisocyanate, benzeneazonaphthalene-4,4'-diisocyanate, diphenyl ether-2,4-diisocyanate and diphenyl ether-4,4'-diisocyanate.

Reaction products, containing isocyanate groups, of polyhydric alcohols with polyisocyanates, for example the reaction product of 1 mol of trimethylolpropane with 3 mols of toluylene-diisocyanate, and also trimerised or polymerised isocyanates, such as are described in, say, German Pat. No. 951,168, may also be mentioned.

A reaction product, containing biuret groups, of 1 mol of water and 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate, which has a NCO content of 16-17% by weight, can also be used. The last-mentioned reaction product of water and hexamethylene-diisocyanate is particularly preferred. The NCO content of the reaction product is that for a 75% strength solution in xylene/ethylglycol acetate.

Component (A) in reactive lacquers, which consists of a copolymer containing hydroxyl groups, is reacted with component (d), that is to say acrylic acid, and component (e), that is to say a glycidyl ester of the indicated type, in accordance with the statements in the pre-characterising clause of Patent Claim 1 and, during the manufacture of the copolymer, the carboxyl group of component (d) reacts with the glycidyl groups of the α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acid and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acid component (e) in such a way that a free hydroxyl group results during the formation of the ester, which group is necessary for cross-linking with the organic polyisocyanates. The formula which follows represents the glycidyl ester, of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids which has the empirical formula C₁₃ H₂₄ O₃ : ##STR5##

The radical shown is the glycidyl radical; R is the α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acid radical and/or the α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acid radical.

Since the empirical formula indicated in the foregoing text was that for the glycidyl ester as a whole, the empirical formula for the carboxylic acid radical R shown in formula (e) is C₁₀ H₁₉ O₂.

This component (e) is esterified with acrylic acid and copolymerisation of the acrylic acid radical with styrene, methyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate takes place at the same time as the esterification.

Since it is known that no water is eliminated during the esterification of a glycidyl group with an acid but that a OH group is formed by cleavage of the glycidyl group, the esterification product obtained from component (d) and component (e) can be represented by the following formula: ##STR6##

In this formula R has the same meaning as in formula (e).

Taking into account what has been discussed above, the invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of coatings from polyhydroxy compounds, which are based on copolymers, which contain hydroxyl groups and are reaction products of mixtures of styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, and from organic polyisocyanates in solvents which have no active hydrogen atoms, characterised in that a mixture is used which consists of

A. a copolymer, which contains hydroxyl groups and consists of

(a) 26-28% by weight of styrene,

(b) 20-22% by weight of methyl methacrylate,

(c) 18-20% by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate,

(d and e) 32.5-35.5% by weight of a reaction product of the formula ##STR7## wherein R is the radical of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and the radical has the empirical formula C₁₀ H₁₉ O₂, and in which the incorporated components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) add up to 100% by weight dissolved in solvents which do not contain active hydrogen atoms, and (B) an organic polyisocyanate, which is added to (or reacted with) the copolymer (A), the amounts of the copolymer (A) and the polyisocyanate (B) in the mixture adding up to 100 percent by weight, and this mixture is shaped or applied to suitable substrates and the solvent is then removed, in order to obtain the finished coating.

A further embodiment of the process for the manufacture of the coatings is characterised in that 60-80% by weight of component (A), that is to say the copolymer which contains hydroxyl groups and is dissolved in solvents which do not contain active hydrogen atoms, and 20-40% by weight of (B), that is to say the organic triisocyanate, are mixed (or reacted), the amounts of the copolymer and polyisocyanate adding up to 100% by weight.

A more specific embodiment of the above process is characterised in that component (A) is employed in an amount of 60-70% by weight, component (B) is employed in an amount of 20-40% by weight and component (C), which is in the form of a mixture of a monomethylol-pentamethoxymethylmelamine or dimethylol-tetramethoxymethylmelamine and/or trimethyloltrimethoxymethylmelamine, is employed in an amount of 1-10% by weight.

A further embodiment for the manufacture of coatings is characterised in that component (A) is employed in an amount of 63-68% by weight and component (B) is employed in an amount of 32-37% by weight and the organic triisocyanate is a reaction product of 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water.

A further embodiment for the manufacture of coatings is characterised in that the component (A) is employed in an amount of 63-68% by weight and the component (B), which is an organic polyisocyanate which contains biuret groups, has a NCO content of 16.0-17% and is a reaction product obtained from 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water, is employed in an amount of 32-37% by weight.

A further embodiment for the manufacture of coatings is characterised in that a polymer which contains hydroxyl groups and has hydroxyl numbers of 4 to 5.0, preferably 4.1 to 4.5%, by weight, based on the weight of the starting monomers, and acid numbers between 6 and 12, is used.

A further embodiment for the manufacture of coatings is characterised in that a copolymer which contains hydroxyl groups and, after removal of the solvent, has a melting range of 60° to 80° C., preferably 65° to 75° C., is used, the start and end of the melting range of the copolymer being separated by at most 3° C.

A further embodiment for the manufacture of coatings is characterised in that the reaction of the copolymer containing hydroxyl groups with the organic polyisocyanate is carried out using amounts such that there are 0.7-1.2 NCO groups per hydroxyl group, the preferred range being 0.9-1.1 NCO groups per hydroxyl group.

The invention also relates to a reactive lacquer as a binder for carrying out the above process and is characterised in that the reactive lacquer contains, as the binder component, a component (A) which consists of 60-80% by weight of copolymers which contain hydroxyl groups and which consist of

(a) 26-28% by weight of styrene,

(b) 20-22% by weight of methyl methacrylate,

(c) 18-20% by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and

(d and e) 32.5-35.5% by weight of a reaction product of the formula ##STR8## wherein R is the radial of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and the radical has the empirical formula C₁₀ H₁₉ O₂, and in which the incorporated components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) add up to 100% by weight.

The invention also relates to a reactive lacquer as a binder for carrying out the above process and is characterised in that the reactive lacquer contains, as component (A), which is the binder component, a copolymer in an amount of 63 to 68% by weight and, as component (B), an organic triisocyanate, which has a NCO content of 16.5-17% and has been obtained by reacting 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water, in an amount of 32 to 37% by weight.

In order to use the new copolymers, the mixtures which consist of copolymers A, which contain hydroxyl groups and contain a solvent, and the polyisocyanate B are applied to the appropriate substrates in the simplest manner conceivable, say after the addition of known auxiliaries, such as flow-control agents, pigments or dyestuffs, by spraying, dipping, casting or brushing or by other suitable measures and the sheet-like structures are dried at room temperature; in special cases the coatings can be baked and this essentially depends on the substrates used and on the requirements which the coatings have to meet in practice. It can also be advantageous additionally to use reactive melamine resins. The reactive melamine resins can be added in amounts of about 1 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the binder component, and as a result it is possible to observe, in particular, an increase in the gloss of the sheet-like structure.

Examples of reactive melamine resins which can be used are monomethylol-pentamethoxymethylenemelamine, dimethyloltetramethoxymethylenemelamine or trimethylol-trimethoxymethylenemelamine, on their own or as a mixture.

When the new copolymers are used in the reactive lacquers which have already been discussed, the reaction and the application of the sheet-like structures to the substrate are carried out in solution. Suitable solvents are, for example, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ether-acetates, diethylglycol diacetate and aromatic solvents, such as benzene, toluene or xylene. The concentration of the solutions can vary within wide limits and essentially depends on the solubility of the components. Solutions which have a solids content of 20-80% by weight are preferably used.

The copolymers obtainable according to the invention can be employed together with polyisocyanates in the reactive lacquers, which have already been discussed, in order to produce coatings or coverings on substrates of very diverse types, for example porous or non-porous substrates, such as textile non-wovens, leather or plastics. The production of coatings on wood or metals should be singled out in particular. In every case coatings which have a high gloss and a very hard surface and are pore-free, elastic and resistant to solvents are obtained. Such coatings also exhibit an outstanding resistance to weathering and resistance to yellowing.

When the new copolymers are used in reactive lacquers components A and B are preferably used in the following amounts:

(A) 60-80% by weight of copolymers which contain hydroxyl groups and are manufactured according to the invention and

(B) 20-40% by weight of an organic polyisocyanate,

(A) and (B) having to add up to 100% by weight.

A particularly preferred embodiment comprises the use in amounts of:

(A) 63-68% by weight of copolymers which contain hydroxyl groups and are manufactured according to the invention and

(B) 32-37% by weight of an organic triisocyanate, which has been obtained by reacting 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water, A and B having to add up to 100% by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 Manufacture of the Copolymer 1

In a flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a thermometer, 310 g of xylene and 186 g of glycidyl esters, of α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, having the empirical formula C₁₃ H₂₄ O₃ and an average epoxy equivalent of 245, hereinafter merely referred to as glycidyl esters of α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, are heated to 142° C. and a mixture consisting of 145 g of methyl methacrylate 135 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 6 g of tert.-dodecylmercaptan, 195 g of styrene, 57 g of acrylic acid and 15 g of di-tert.-butyl peroxide is added at a uniform rate in the course of three hours and the reaction mixture is polymerised and condensed, at 135° C. for about 4 to 5 hours. The product has a solids content of 70% by weight. A solution diluted to a 50% solids content with ethylglycol acetate gives viscosities of 130 seconds, measured at 25° C. in a DIN cup with a 4 mm outlet orifice. The hydroxyl group content is 4.24%, based on the solids content in the copolymer. After removing the solvent, the copolymer has a melting range of 70° to 72° C. The acid number of the copolymer is 10.

EXAMPLE 2 Manufacture of Copolymer 2

In a flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a thermometer, 705 g of xylene, 337 g of ethylglycol acetate and 403 g of the glycidyl ester described in Example 1 are heated to 138° C. and a mixture consisting of 124 g of acrylic acid, 293 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 423 g of styrene, 315 g of methyl methacrylate, 15.2 g of di-tert.-butyl peroxide and 17 g of dodecylmercaptan is added at a uniform rate and the reaction mixture is simultaneously polymerised and condensed at 135° C. for about 4 to 5 hours. The solids content is 61% by weight. The viscosity of a solution diluted to 50% by weight with xylene is 135 seconds, measured at 23° C. in a DIN cup with a 4 mm outlet orifice. The hydroxyl group content is 4.24% and the acid number is 9, based on the solids content in the copolymer. After removing the solvent, the copolymer has a melting range of 70° to 72° C.

Comparative Experiment 1 (taking French Patent Specification 1,556,309 into account) to demonstrate the technical advance achieved

French Patent Specification 1,556,309 gives the following values for the hydroxyl group contents in Examples 1 to 10:

Example 1=0.8% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 2=1% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 3=1.26% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 4=1.52% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 5=1.41% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 6=1.41% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 7=1.66% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 8=1.85% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 9=1.85% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Example 10=3.18% of hydroxyl groups, based on the copolymers

Copolymers which have a hydroxyl group content of 4-5% are not manufactured in any of the examples. If copolymers are manufactured in accordance with the instructions of French Pat. No. 1,556,309, very highly viscous copolymer solutions are obtained and the copolymers contained therein have a considerably higher melting point and, moreover, a broader melting range than the copolymers manufactured according to the invention. The films obtained are brittle and show poor adhesion to various substrates, such as, for example, steel, plastics or non-wovens. Moreover, the known copolymers display a poor pigment-binding capacity and have a poor gloss. If the known copolymers are employed as the binder component, in combination with polyisocyanates, for the coating compositions, the reactive lacquers have a very short pot life and thus a very short processing time. Manufacture of the known copolymer having a hydroxyl group content of 4.24%.

The procedure is as described in the French patent specification, but the monomers are used in the same amount as in the process according to the invention.

20.2% by weight of methyl methacrylate,

27.2% by weight of styrene,

18.8% by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and

33.8% by weight of the reaction product according to reaction A.

10% by weight of ethylglycol acetate,

30% by weight of ethyl acetate,

20% by weight of butyl acetate,

10% by weight of xylene and

30% by weight of toluene.

The initiator, that is to say azo-bis-isobutyronitrile, and the chain stopper, that is to say laurylmercaptan, were dissolved in toluene and then added in the course of 2 hours to the solvent, which is boiling under reflux, and the monomer mixture and the reaction mixture was polymerised. The 50% strength by weight copolymer solution has a viscosity of 1,720 seconds, measured at 23° C. in a DIN cup with a 4 mm outlet orifice. The acid number is 10. After removing the solvent, the copolymer has a melting range of 106° to 114° C.

EXAMPLE 3 Reactive lacquer based on 64.6% by weight of a copolymer and 35.4% by weight of an organic triisocyanate, both based on the weight of solids.

I. 450 g of the copolymer solution from Example 1 (dissolved solids 61% by weight) are ground with 330 g of titanium dioxide (rutile), 150 g of xylene and 150 g of ethylglycol acetate to give a lacquer.

II. 200 g of a 75% strength by weight solution of a triisocyanate, which has a NCO content of 16.5-17.0% by weight and which has been obtained by reacting 3 mols of hexamethylenediisocyanate and 1 mol of water, dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of xylene/ethyl acetate, are added to the above pigmented lacquer batch I and the mixture is diluted with xylene and butyl acetate in a weight ratio of 1:1 to the spraying viscosity and applied to steel sheets to give a dry coating thickness of 45-50 μm and the coating is dried in air. The coating is no longer tacky after 30-40 minutes. The lacquer film has crosslinked after drying in air at 20° C. for seven days. The following tests are then carried out: a cross-cut was made and the sheet was then warmed to 60° to 70° C. and hot water was allowed to act thereon for 10-15 minutes. Result: no swelling at the cross-cut and it was not possible to scrape off the film, while it was still warm, with a fingernail.

A film on steel sheets which was dried in air for ten days shows no blistering in the condensation water test at 50° C. after 25 days. The gloss is still completely retained.

Prior to testing, the film had a gloss of 100%, measured by the Gardner method.

EXAMPLE 4 Reactive lacquer based on 64.6% by weight of copolymer 2 and 35.4% by weight of an organic triisocyanate, both based on the weight of solids.

I. 225 g of the copolymer solution from Example 2 (dissolved solids 61% by weight) are ground with 13.5 g of pigment Carbon Black FW 200, which is described in the company leaflet from Messrs. Degussa, and xylene and ethylglycol acetate in a mixing ratio of 1:1 to give a lacquer. Grinding time: about 60 minutes in a sand mill.

II. 2 g of calcium naphthenate containing 4% of calcium, 225 g of the copolymer solution from Example 2, 2 g of LO 50 silicone oil, which is described in the company leaflet from Messrs. Bayer and is dissolved in xylene to give a 1% strength solution, and 200 g of a 75% strength by weight solution of the triisocyanate described in Example 2, which has a NCO content of 16.5-17% by weight and has been obtained by reacting 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water, dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of xylene/ethylglycol acetate, are added to the pigmented lacquer solution described under I and the mixture is diluted with xylene and butyl acetate in a mixing ratio of 1:1 to the spraying viscosity and applied to steel sheets to give a dry film coating thickness of 40-50μ and the film is dried in air for 7 days. The cured lacquer has a gloss of 100%, measured by the Gardner method. After weathering in a Florida climate for 18 months, the lacquer displayed a dulling of only 8 to 10% of the initial gloss.

Further comparative experiments to demonstrate the technical advance achieved.

In order to determine the "pot life", the copolymers manufactured according to the invention which are listed in the table which follows, and, for comparison, the known copolymer (Comparison Experiment 1), were mixed with the aliphatic triisocyanate which has been obtained by reacting 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water. The mixing ratios for the copolymers and polyisocyanate were 65% by weight of copolymer: 35% by weight of polyisocyanate, based on the solids content. Using a solvent mixture consisting of xylene and butyl acetate in a weight ratio of 1:1, the mixtures were diluted to a viscosity of 25 seconds flow time, measured in a DIN cup with a 4 mm outlet orifice, and the rise in the viscosity was determined as a function of time at 23° C. As can be seen from the table which follows, the copolymers manufactured according to the invention are superior to the known copolymer according to French Pat. No. 1,556,309, since the copolymers manufactured according to the invention have a more favourable "pot life" with regard to a slower rise in viscosity or gelling, which indicates that processing of the lacquers will be considerably more advantageous.

Further comparative experiments with pigmented lacquers

Analogously to Example 3, a lacquer based on the known copolymer manufactured in Comparative Experiment 1 and pigmented with titanium dioxide was manufactured. A reactive lacquer based on 64.6% by weight of the copolymer and 35.4% by weight of the organic triisocyanate, both percentages being based on the weight of solids, was then manufactured and diluted to the spraying viscosity and applied to steel sheets to give a dry film coating thickness of 40 to 50 μm and the film was dried in air at 23° C. for 7 days. In order to obtain the required coating thickness, the known reactive lacquer had to be applied by two spray applications, whilst, in the case of the reactive lacquer according to the invention, one spray application already sufficed to achieve the requisite dry film coating thickness. Moreover, the lacquers according to the invention had better Erichsen deep-drawing values and a higher gloss than the known lacquer.

In the same way, a black lacquer based on equal amounts of pigment and the known binder combination was manufactured analogously to Example 4 and applied to steel sheets and dried in air for seven days. In this case also, the lacquer according to the invention showed decisive advantages, in respect of the gloss, over the known lacquer.

    __________________________________________________________________________     Experiments to determine the "pot life" for unpigmented lacquers                                             Viscosity, measured in a DIN cup                                               with a 4 mm outlet orifice, as a                                               function of time                                 Copolymer used                                                                               Combination ratio                                                                              after 6 hours                                                                           after 24 hours                          __________________________________________________________________________     Example 1 according to the                                                                   65% by weight of the copolymer                                   invention     35% by weight of the triiso-                                                                   45 seconds                                                                              130 seconds                             Example 2 according to the                                                                   cyanate manufactured from 3                                      invention     mols of hexamethylene-diiso-                                                                   31 "     105 seconds                             Comparative Experiment 1                                                                     cyanate and 1 mol of water                                                                     gelling after                                                                  4 hours                                          __________________________________________________________________________     for lacquers pigmented with TiO.sub.2                                                                        Gloss by the                                                                            Erichsen deep-                          Copolymer used                                                                               Combination ratio                                                                              Gardner method                                                                          drawing                                 __________________________________________________________________________     Example 3 according to the                                                                   64.6% by weight of the co-                                       invention     polymer and 35.4% by weight                                                                    98%        8 mm                                  Comparative Experiment 1                                                                     of the triisocyanate manu-                                                                     85%      5.5 mm                                                factured from 3 mols of                                                        hexamethylene-diisocyanate                                                     and 1 mol of water                                               __________________________________________________________________________     for lacquers pigmented with pigment Carbon Black                               Copolymer used                                                                               Combination ratio                                                                              Gloss by the Gardner method                      __________________________________________________________________________     Example 4 according to the                                                                   64.6% by weight of the co-                                       invention     polymer and 35.4% by weight                                                                    99%                                              Comparative Experiment 1                                                                     of the triisocyanate manu-                                                                     81%                                                            factured from 3 mols of                                                        hexamethylene-diisocyanate                                                     and 1 mol of water                                               __________________________________________________________________________

The properties of the copolymer solutions according to the invention in respect of the extent to which they can be diluted with other organic solvents are summarised in the table which follows:

    ______________________________________                                         Special benzine 100:140                                                                      d      Acetone          a                                        Test benzine  d      Methyl ethyl ketone                                                                             a                                        Turpentine oil                                                                               d      Methyl isobutyl ketone                                                                          a                                        Toluene       b      Cyclohexanone    a                                        Xylene        c      Ethyl acetate    a                                        Solvent naphtha                                                                              c      Butyl acetate    a                                        Tetrahydronaphthalene                                                                        c      Methylglycol acetate                                                                            a                                        Decahydronaphthalene                                                                         d      Ethylglycol acetate                                                                             a                                        Trichloroethylene                                                                            a                                                                ______________________________________                                          a = can be diluted to any desired extent                                       b = can be diluted to a substantial extent                                     c = can be diluted to a restricted extent                                      d = can be diluted to a very restricted extent or cannot be diluted      

The main fields of application for the new copolymers--in combination with aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates or their mixtures--are air-drying and oven-drying lacquer coatings on metal, wood and plastic. Two-component lacquers of this type are preferably employed when the properties expected from the air-dried or force-dried lacquers are those customarily offered only by baking lacquers.

These new reactive lacquers are employed as binders, especially for the car touch-up lacquer field and for the lacquer-coating of buses and lorries.

In combination with aliphatic polyisocyanates, the copolymers give lacquer coatings which have good body, are free from yellowing and have excellent resistance to weathering and show excellent retention of gloss.

A certain degree of yellowing must be expected when the copolymers are crosslinked with aromatic polyisocyanates.

In accordance with their higher degree of crosslinking compared with comparable good commercially available products for the same purpose, reactive lacquers based on the invention display a high resistance to scraping and abrasion, associated with a good resistance to solvents. The good resistance to water and aggressive chemicals is also to be singled out.

In addition to drying in air, such lacquers can be baked within a wide temperature range; thus, for example, the films are completely cured in 30 minutes at 130° C.

The lacquer coatings cured at room temperature are not inferior to the baked films in respect of their resistance to weathering.

The new copolymers have a high pigment-binding capacity. All neutral pigments and fillers are suitable for the pigmentation. Highly basic pigments and pigments which contain soluble metal compounds can exert a catalytic action on the crosslinking and this results in shortening of the processing time of the ready-mixed lacquer batches.

Butyl acetate in combination with ethylglycol acetate and/or xylene has proved the most important diluent for the reactive lacquers of the invention.

Since hydroxyl groups react with polyisocyanates, care must be taken that only those solvents which are anhydrous and contain no hydroxyl groups are used.

Lacquer films based on the reactive lacquers of this invention are distinguished by good flow properties; small additions of silicone oil can further improve these properties. Taking into account the fact that the processing time must be adequate, compounds suitable for accelerating drying are, in particular, organic metal salts or tertiary amines. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for the manufacture of coatings from polyhydroxy compounds, which are based on copolymers, which contain hydroxyl groups and are reaction products of mixtures of styrene, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and/or α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, and from organic polyisocyanates in solvents which have no active hydrogen atoms, which comprises mixingA. a copolymer, which contains hydroxyl groups and consists of components(a) 26-28% by weight of styrene, (b) 20-22% by weight of methyl methacrylate, (c) 18-20% by weight of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, (d and e) 32.5-35.5% by weight of a reaction product of acrylic acid and glycidyl esters of acids selected from the group consisting of α-alkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids and α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acids, having the empirical formula C₁₃ H₂₄ O₃, which reaction product has the formula ##STR9## wherein R is the radical of an α-alkylalkanemonocarboxyl acid or an α,α-dialkylalkanemonocarboxylic acid and the radical has the empirical formula C₁₀ H₁₉ O₂, and in which the incorporated components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) add up to 100% by weight, dissolved in solvents which do not contain active hydrogen atoms, is reacted with (B) an organic polyisocyanate, the amounts of the copolymer (A) and the polyisocyanate (B) in the mixture adding up to 100 percent by weight, and applying this mixture to a substrate to be coated, and then removing the solvent in order to obtain the finished coating.
 2. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that 60-80% by weight of component (A) is dissolved in a solvent which does not contain active hydrogen atoms, and 20-40% by weight of (B) are mixed therewith, the amounts of components (A) and (B) adding up to 100% by weight.
 3. A process according to claim 1, which is further characterised in that component (A) is employed in an amount of 60-70% by weight, component (B) is employed in an amount of 20-40% by weight, and an additional component (C), which is a mixture of at least one of a monomethylol-pentamethoxymethylmelamine and dimethylol-tetramethoxymethylmelamine with trimethyloltrimethoxymethylmelamine, is employed in an amount of 1-10% by weight.
 4. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that component (A) is employed in an amount of 63-68% by weight and the organic polyisocyanate component (B) is employed in an amount of 32-37% by weight and the organic polyisocyanate component (B) is a reaction product of 3 mols of hexamethylenediisocyanate and 1 mol of water.
 5. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the component (A) is employed in an amount of 63-68% by weight and the organic polyiscyanate component (B), which contains biuret groups, has a NCO content of 16.0-17% and is a reaction product obtained from 3 mols of hexamethylenediisocyanate and 1 mol of water, is employed in an amount of 32-37% by weight.
 6. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the component (A) polymer is one which contains hydroxyl groups and has a hydroxyl numer of 4 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the starting monomers, and an acid number between 6 and
 12. 7. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the copolymer of component (A) is one which contains hydroxyl groups and, after removal of the solvent, has a melting range of 60° to 80° C., the start and end of the melting point range of said copolymer being separated by at most 3° C.
 8. A process according to claim 1, characterised in that the mixture of the component (A) containing hydroxyl groups and the component (B) organic polyisocyanate is such that there are 0.7-1.2 NCO groups per hydroxyl group therein.
 9. A process according to claim 8, wherein the reaction of the component (A) copolymer with the component (B) organic polyisocyanate is carried out using amounts such that there are from 0.9 to 1.1 NCO groups per hydroxyl group.
 10. A lacquer composition comprising a solution of the hydroxyl-containing copolymer component (A) and an organic polyisocyanate component (B) in a solvent which has no active hydrogen atoms, prepared according to the process recited in claim 1, before it is applied to the substrate to be coated.
 11. A lacquer composition according to claim 10, which further includes a melamine derivative component (C) which is a mixture of at least one monomethylol-pentamethoxymethylmelamine and dimethylol-tetramethoxymethylmelamine with trimethyloltrimethoxymethylmelamine, employed in the amount of 1 to 10 percent, by weight.
 12. A lacquer composition according to claim 10, wherein the organic polyisocyanate component (B) is a reaction product of 3 mols of hexamethylene-diisocyanate and 1 mol of water.
 13. A lacquer composition according to claim 10, wherein the component (A) is employed in the amount of from 63 to 68 percent by weight and the organic polyisocyanate component (B) is one which contains biuret groups, has an NCO content of 16 to 17 percent and is the reaction product obtained from 3 mols of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1 mol of water, and said organic polyisocyanate component is employed in an amount of from 32 to 37 percent by weight.
 14. A lacquer composition according to claim 10, wherein the component (A) polymer is one which contains a hydroxyl group and has a hydroxyl number of from 4 to 5 by weight, based on the weight of the starting monomers, and an acid number between 6 and
 12. 15. A lacquer composition according to claim 10, which contains the component (A) copolymer and component (B) organic polyisocyanate in amounts such that there are 0.7 to 1.2 NCO groups per hydroxyl groups therein.
 16. An article coated according to the process of claim
 1. 17. An article coated according to the process of claim
 2. 18. An article coated according to the process of claim
 3. 19. An article coated according to the process of claim
 4. 20. An article coated according to the process of claim
 5. 21. An article coated according to the process of claim
 6. 22. An article coated according to the process of claim
 7. 23. An article coated according to the process of claim
 8. 